About the Authors

Helen R. Fryer

Affiliation The Institute for Emerging Infections, The James Martin 21st Century School, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

John Frater

Affiliation The Institute for Emerging Infections, The James Martin 21st Century School, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anna Duda

Affiliation The Institute for Emerging Infections, The James Martin 21st Century School, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mick G. Roberts

Affiliation Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences and New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

The SPARTAC Trial Investigators
Rodney E. Phillips

Affiliation The Institute for Emerging Infections, The James Martin 21st Century School, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Angela R. McLean

angela.mclean@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation The Institute for Emerging Infections, The James Martin 21st Century School, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JF REP ARM. Performed the experiments: JF AD. Analyzed the data: HRF JF AD MGR ARM. Wrote the paper: HRF ARM.