About the Authors

Christopher D. Intemann

Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher D. Intemann, Thorsten Thye, Stefan Niemann

Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

Thorsten Thye

Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher D. Intemann, Thorsten Thye, Stefan Niemann

Affiliations Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

Stefan Niemann

Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher D. Intemann, Thorsten Thye, Stefan Niemann

Affiliation National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany

Edmund N. L. Browne

Affiliation Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Margaret Amanua Chinbuah

Affiliation Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana

Anthony Enimil

Affiliations Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana

John Gyapong

Affiliation Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana

Ivy Osei

Affiliation Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana

Ellis Owusu-Dabo

Affiliations Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana

Susanne Helm

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes

Affiliation National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany

Rolf D. Horstmann

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

Christian G. Meyer

c.g.meyer@bni-hamburg.de

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TT ENLB MAC AE JOG IO EOD SRG RDH CGM. Performed the experiments: CDI TT SN SH. Analyzed the data: CDI TT SN CGM. Wrote the paper: CGM. Sample collection supervision Ghana: ENLB. Study design and phenotyping of patients and controls: ENLB MAC JOG IO EOD. Sample collection: MAC AE IO EOD. Sample collection supervision: JOG.