About the Authors

Crystal Y. Chen

Contributed equally to this work with: Crystal Y. Chen, Dan Huang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Dan Huang

Contributed equally to this work with: Crystal Y. Chen, Dan Huang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Richard C. Wang

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Ling Shen

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Gucheng Zeng

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Shuyun Yao

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Yun Shen

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Lisa Halliday

Affiliation BRL, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Jeff Fortman

Affiliation BRL, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Milton McAllister

Affiliation Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Jim Estep

Affiliation Battelle Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Robert Hunt

Affiliation Battelle Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Daphne Vasconcelos

Affiliation Battelle Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

George Du

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Steven A. Porcelli

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Michelle H. Larsen

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America

William R. Jacobs Jr.

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America

Barton F. Haynes

Affiliation Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Norman L. Letvin

Affiliation Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Zheng W. Chen

zchen@uic.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CYC DH YS SAP MHL WRJ BFH NLL ZWC. Performed the experiments: CYC DH RCW LS GZ SY YS LH JF MM JE RH DV GD SAP ZWC. Analyzed the data: CYC DH RCW ZWC. Wrote the paper: CYC DH ZWC.