About the Authors
- Nobuhiro Nakamoto
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Affiliations Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Hyosun Cho
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Affiliations Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Abraham Shaked
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Affiliation Department of Surgery, Penn Liver Transplant Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Kim Olthoff
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Affiliation Department of Surgery, Penn Liver Transplant Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Mary E. Valiga
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Affiliations Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Mary Kaminski
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Affiliation Department of Surgery, Penn Liver Transplant Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Emma Gostick
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Affiliation Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- David A. Price
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Affiliation Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Gordon J. Freeman
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Affiliation Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- E. John Wherry
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Affiliation Immunology Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Kyong-Mi Chang
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* E-mail: kmchang@mail.med.upenn.edu
Affiliations Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Competing Interests
G.J.F. has a patent licensing arrangement for antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L pathways.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: NN KMC. Performed the experiments: NN HC. Analyzed the data: NN HC GJF KMC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HC AS KO MEV MK EG DAP GJF EJW KMC. Wrote the paper: NN DAP GJF EJW KMC.