About the Authors
- Takeshi Noda
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Affiliations Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan , International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan , Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Hideki Ebihara
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Affiliations Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Agency, Saitama, Japan , Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Yukiko Muramoto
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Affiliations Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan , International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan , Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Ken Fujii
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Affiliations Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Agency, Saitama, Japan , Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Ayato Takada
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¤ Current address: Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Affiliations Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Agency, Saitama, Japan , Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Hiroshi Sagara
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Affiliation Fine Morphology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Jin Hyun Kim
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Affiliation Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Hiroshi Kida
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Affiliation Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Heinz Feldmann
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Affiliations Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada , Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Yoshihiro Kawaoka
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*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
Affiliations International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan , Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Agency, Saitama, Japan , Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan , Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
HK and YK conceived and designed the experiments. TN, HE, YM, KF, AT, HS, and JHK performed the experiments. TN and YK wrote the paper.