About the Authors

Mireia Sospedra

Affiliations Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Yingdong Zhao

Affiliations Computational and System Biology Group, Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Harald zur Hausen

Affiliations Division for the Characterization of Tumorviruses, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Paolo A Muraro

Affiliations Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Christa Hamashin

Affiliations Mixture Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Ethel-Michele de Villiers

Affiliations Division for the Characterization of Tumorviruses, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (German Cancer Research Center), Heidelberg, Germany , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Clemencia Pinilla

Affiliations Mixture Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America , Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies and Mixture Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Roland Martin

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: martinr@ninds.nih.gov, roland.martin@icrea.es

¤ Current address: Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Fundacio per a la Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Affiliations Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America , Cellular Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MS and RM conceived and designed the experiments. MS and PAM performed the experiments. MS, YZ, HH, PAM, EV, CP, and RM analyzed the data. YZ, HH, CH, and CP contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. MS and RM wrote the paper.