Savanna elephant numbers are only a quarter of their expected values

• Ashley S. Robson,

  Affiliation Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

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• Morgan J. Trimble,

  Affiliation Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

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• Andrew Purdon,

  Affiliation Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

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• Kim D. Young-Overton,

  Affiliation Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

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• Stuart L. Pimm,

  Affiliation Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Rudi J. van Aarde

  * E-mail: rjvaarde@zoology.up.ac.za

  Affiliation Conservation Ecology Research Unit (CERU), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

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