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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

To Be or Not to Be a Flatworm: The Acoel Controversy

  • Bernhard Egger ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Dirk Steinke ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

    Affiliation Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    ⨯
  • Hiroshi Tarui ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

    Affiliation Evolutionary Regeneration Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Kobe, Japan

    ⨯
  • Katrien De Mulder ,

    Contributed equally to this work with: Bernhard Egger, Dirk Steinke, Hiroshi Tarui, Katrien De Mulder

    Affiliation Department of Biology, Nematology Section, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

    ⨯
  • Detlev Arendt,

    Affiliation Developmental Biology Programme, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

    ⨯
  • Gaëtan Borgonie,

    Affiliation Department of Biology, Nematology Section, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium

    ⨯
  • Noriko Funayama,

    Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    ⨯
  • Robert Gschwentner,

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Volker Hartenstein,

    Affiliation Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

    ⨯
  • Bert Hobmayer,

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Matthew Hooge,

    Affiliation School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America

    ⨯
  • Martina Hrouda,

    Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    ⨯
  • Sachiko Ishida,

    Affiliation Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

    ⨯
  • Chiyoko Kobayashi,

    Affiliations Evolutionary Regeneration Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Kobe, Japan, Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    ⨯
  • Georg Kuales,

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Osamu Nishimura,

    Affiliation Evolutionary Regeneration Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe, Kobe, Japan

    ⨯
  • Daniela Pfister,

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Reinhard Rieger,

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Willi Salvenmoser,

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • Julian Smith III,

    Affiliation Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, South Carolina, United States of America

    ⨯
  • Ulrich Technau,

    Affiliation Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Centre for Organismal Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    ⨯
  • Seth Tyler ,

    * E-mail: styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

    Affiliation School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America

    ⨯
  • Kiyokazu Agata ,

    * E-mail: styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

    Affiliation Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    ⨯
  • Walter Salzburger ,

    * E-mail: styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

    Affiliation Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    ⨯
  •  [ ... ],
  • Peter Ladurner

    * E-mail: styler@maine.edu (ST); agata@mdb.biophys.kyoto-u.ac.jp (KA); walter.salzburger@unibas.ch (WS); peter.ladurner@uibk.ac.at (PL)

    Affiliation Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    ⨯
  • [ view all ]
  • [ view less ]

To Be or Not to Be a Flatworm: The Acoel Controversy

  • Bernhard Egger, 
  • Dirk Steinke, 
  • Hiroshi Tarui, 
  • Katrien De Mulder, 
  • Detlev Arendt, 
  • Gaëtan Borgonie, 
  • Noriko Funayama, 
  • Robert Gschwentner, 
  • Volker Hartenstein, 
  • Bert Hobmayer
PLOS
x
  • Published: May 11, 2009
  • https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005502
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