"Notes: ON = Ontario; RI = Rhode Island; PA = Pennsylvania; SC = South Carolina; FL = Florida; all size and shape variables are defined in Materials and Methods (see also Royer et al., 2005 for further details)" Site of origin Site of growth ID plant blade area perimeter internal peri. tooth area # first-order teeth # second-order teeth (cm2) (cm) (cm) (cm2) ON RI 38 N 1 17.476 30.603 25.082 0.774 70 3 ON RI 38 N 2 31.462 41.487 35.64 0.883 75 3 ON RI 42 M 1 20.491 30.398 24.909 0.956 47 1 ON RI 42 M 2 40.949 43.269 37.228 1.356 62 6 ON RI 74 W 1 13.957 31.104 25.685 0.807 60 2 ON RI 74 W 2 11.378 27.467 22.637 0.693 54 1 ON RI 72 L 1 10.757 30.721 25.227 0.54 135 10 ON RI 72 L 2 10.623 26.175 21.161 0.694 59 1 ON RI 84 L 1 11.66 27.719 22.346 0.516 51 ON RI 84 L 2 27.234 33.911 29.097 1.192 37 ON RI 45 V 1 41.206 43.343 39.023 1.351 66 3 ON RI 45 V 2 29.903 39.763 33.382 1.184 64 3 ON RI 20 M 1 34.474 42.786 36.652 1.478 59 7 ON RI 20 M 2 20.886 31.753 28.642 0.448 43 ON RI 28 H 1 24.74 44.638 35.365 1.551 91 13 ON RI 28 H 2 54.876 66.971 52.165 2.297 103 9 ON RI 48 G 1 20.433 31.448 26.665 0.988 60 1 ON RI 48 G 2 9.07 22.703 18.668 0.483 67 3 ON RI 86 H 1 24.875 33.595 28.106 1.167 36 1 ON RI 79 C 1 59.122 61.028 49.836 3.016 58 3 ON RI 79 C 2 44.337 54.907 44.937 1.963 73 5 ON RI 84 F 1 9.651 28.019 24.066 0.41 97 3 ON RI 84 F 2 20.399 31.362 28.716 0.909 47 1 ON RI 48 R 1 33.818 42.854 36.715 0.923 85 ON RI 15 J 1 46.657 53.618 45.649 1.956 84 6 ON RI 15 J 2 22.493 29.354 25.499 1.16 47 2 ON RI 28 B 1 14.511 26.573 22.695 0.725 42 ON RI 28 B 2 10.086 25.274 20.97 0.674 61 3 ON RI 27 J 1 25.802 35.892 32.052 1.375 49 ON RI 27 J 2 12.027 23.951 21.551 0.625 44 ON RI 3 H 1 10.704 22.724 19.544 0.437 73 4 ON RI 3 H 2 16.13 30.776 25.442 0.621 91 10 ON RI 48 J 1 10.463 20.604 19.211 0.319 39 1 ON RI 48 J 2 8.456 21.417 18.954 0.265 67 4 ON RI 30 B 1 22.495 32.898 29.393 0.777 69 7 ON RI 8 E 1 14.279 32.312 24.253 0.701 81 12 ON RI 8 E 2 29.979 52.962 41.583 1.157 136 16 ON RI 3 F 1 17.137 31.834 27.121 0.51 133 1 ON RI 3 F 2 35.79 40.682 36.417 0.762 84 2 ON FL 1 1 17.281 23.82 20.74 0.615 37 ON FL 1 2 13.29 24.49 20.584 0.416 69 ON FL 1 3 19.468 28.884 25.431 0.577 63 ON FL 1 4 7.671 15.735 14.675 0.184 38 ON FL 1 5 23.803 32.852 29.121 0.502 95 2 ON FL 2 1 33.152 36.828 31.982 1.23 38 2 ON FL 2 2 40.095 41.257 36.07 1.252 45 ON FL 2 3 22.883 29.699 26.427 0.703 37 1 ON FL 2 4 19.811 29.252 23.911 0.906 41 1 ON FL 2 5 27.396 32.686 28.762 0.911 43 1 ON FL 3 1 10.99 22.932 21.071 0.32 34 ON FL 3 2 7.956 22.99 18.574 0.592 49 3 ON FL 3 3 7.715 21.919 18.022 0.491 40 1 ON FL 3 4 8.175 20.716 18.309 0.346 24 ON FL 3 5 13.518 27.756 23.605 0.704 30 ON FL 4 1 1.621 9.068 8.032 0.055 65 ON FL 4 2 2.642 9.572 8.296 0.137 25 ON FL 4 3 5.483 12.822 11.559 0.121 27 1 ON FL 4 4 2.816 12.448 10.51 0.092 74 2 PA RI 33 U 1 13.909 28.291 22.056 0.663 89 3 PA RI 33 U 2 9.525 23.644 18.336 0.535 89 7 PA RI 30 T 1 25.164 42.323 35.42 1.227 74 6 PA RI 30 T 2 35.594 52.549 43.411 1.758 92 2 PA RI 22 Z 1 29.837 35.843 30.386 0.877 45 2 PA RI 22 Z 2 31.898 43.803 34.215 1.249 74 3 PA RI 20 X 1 27.5 38.466 33.478 1.203 84 7 PA RI 20 X 2 35.598 42.253 36.517 1.462 78 5 PA RI 23 N 1 44.799 57.285 46.564 2.443 72 8 PA RI 23 N 2 24.526 47.191 38.068 1.418 81 11 PA RI 78 W 1 19.253 28.563 25.401 0.53 58 4 PA RI 78 W 2 30.892 41.508 34.035 1.218 98 3 PA RI 25 ZA 1 18.646 44.884 35.639 1.104 101 10 PA RI 25 ZA 2 11.728 35.396 25.999 1 80 8 PA RI 30 ZA 1 41.736 41.143 36.109 1.412 47 3 PA RI 30 ZA 2 42.703 50.909 42.258 1.83 76 10 PA RI 87 P 1 33.695 45.859 37.679 1.471 70 7 PA RI 87 P 2 29.715 48.41 39.502 1.393 95 13 PA RI 83 Z 1 37.677 53.058 41.428 1.888 95 8 PA RI 83 Z 2 35.457 64.007 49.894 1.671 113 12 PA RI 50 P 1 73.764 74.041 65.323 2.402 76 7 PA RI 50 P 2 17.461 31.043 27.708 0.651 74 8 PA RI 75 L 1 8.544 21.427 19.025 0.327 59 PA RI 75 L 2 25.125 36.322 31.358 0.838 70 2 PA RI 31 M 1 20.956 31.54 28.166 0.507 38 PA RI 55 S 1 19.969 36.103 29.642 1.042 75 5 PA RI 55 S 2 81.508 65.518 54.585 3.594 62 PA RI 41 Z 1 20.448 33.438 27.92 0.891 85 1 PA RI 41 Z 2 21.455 34.318 28.346 0.948 88 4 PA RI 77 V 1 23.434 37.709 32.099 1.015 62 4 PA RI 77 V 2 18.274 34.996 27.184 0.737 68 9 PA RI 80 T 1 37.348 52.853 42.177 0.991 123 10 PA RI 63 T 1 13.019 19.475 18.107 0.221 26 PA RI 47 H 1 19.959 33.082 27.123 1.059 74 6 PA RI 47 H 2 35.733 42.845 37.762 1.548 65 5 PA RI 89 E 1 12.506 29.39 23.86 0.66 93 12 PA RI 89 E 2 24.351 39.166 32.822 0.954 86 3 PA RI 48 F 1 43.593 57.778 48.189 1.932 96 3 PA RI 10 L 1 25.635 33.844 29.125 0.984 24 PA RI 10 L 2 13.916 24.895 21.788 0.664 50 4 PA RI 76 Q 1 23.266 39.653 32.641 1.275 71 4 PA RI 76 Q 2 70.317 61.534 54.804 2.35 88 4 PA RI 27 Q 1 37.878 46.092 38.21 1.856 77 4 PA RI 27 Q 2 54.969 56.689 46.537 2.393 71 5 PA RI 28 O 1 23.035 37.964 31.401 0.998 62 5 PA RI 28 O 2 17.254 35.546 28.265 0.91 53 4 PA RI 25 G 1 17.138 30.42 27.21 0.628 64 5 PA RI 25 G 2 15.71 28.155 24.916 0.416 67 PA RI 50 F 1 27.835 40.985 32.934 1.095 59 3 PA RI 50 F 2 27.002 37.337 31.302 0.866 63 2 PA RI 68 B 1 25.67 47.007 38.335 1.906 57 6 PA RI 68 B 2 34.374 54.267 42.092 2.191 69 9 PA RI 14 H 1 21.472 36.714 28.726 0.947 66 4 PA RI 72 F 1 38.199 54.133 45.895 1.217 69 3 PA RI 72 F 2 38.933 56.047 43.044 2.35 60 6 PA RI 33 E 1 16.615 27.813 24.333 0.856 22 PA RI 46 C 1 49.201 55.664 46.262 2.132 79 7 PA RI 46 C 2 27.651 36.606 32.25 1.239 41 1 PA RI 25 C 1 30.604 41.953 36.783 1.173 87 5 PA RI 25 C 2 42.622 46.557 41.697 1.475 63 4 PA FL 1 1 12.109 19.483 18.284 0.299 22 PA FL 1 2 18.817 25.093 23.237 0.249 26 PA FL 1 3 16.564 29.569 24.641 0.911 44 2 PA FL 2 1 12.838 26.513 22.791 0.668 77 7 PA FL 2 2 32.621 37.868 33.465 1.394 79 2 PA FL 2 3 29.819 39.242 31.158 1.697 78 3 PA FL 2 4 19.81 30.133 26.426 0.768 52 4 PA FL 2 5 35.319 40.267 35.082 1.326 69 5 PA FL 3 1 18.15 31.549 27.091 0.513 106 4 PA FL 3 2 33.733 39.283 38.613 0.087 20 PA FL 3 3 16.944 32.012 26.58 0.917 57 1 PA FL 3 4 8.429 18.012 16.527 0.294 33 PA FL 3 5 16.256 31.49 26.998 0.63 89 5 PA FL 4 1 27.933 41.315 33.353 1.35 57 7 PA FL 4 2 16.196 25.34 22.587 0.531 37 5 PA FL 4 3 33.599 40.44 34.692 0.808 84 PA FL 4 4 36.329 47.077 41.099 1.291 59 6 PA FL 4 5 34.474 45.828 38.434 1.328 67 4 PA FL 5 1 8.521 22.808 19.751 0.415 57 PA FL 5 2 6.804 19.54 17.347 0.298 36 1 PA FL 5 3 31.998 36.327 33.334 0.636 44 1 PA FL 5 4 5.628 18.973 16.312 0.314 53 PA FL 5 5 10.88 24.852 21.297 0.487 40 2 SC RI 35 V 1 16.324 24.2 20.467 0.636 42 SC RI 35 V 2 25.579 29.036 25.808 0.647 44 SC RI 67 W 1 32.233 30.832 28.53 0.771 44 SC RI 67 W 2 25.341 31.436 26.679 0.927 64 1 SC RI 40 W 1 26.911 30.89 27.496 1.256 59 6 SC RI 40 W 2 22.566 25.169 23.311 0.821 45 SC RI 23 Z 1 18.305 28.166 23.984 0.894 48 2 SC RI 23 Z 2 24.922 32.266 28.7 1.033 48 3 SC RI 55 K 1 6.303 13.917 12.978 0.238 17 SC RI 55 K 2 11.684 21.157 18.384 0.553 36 SC RI 31 Y 1 22.977 32.374 27.56 1.054 53 2 SC RI 31 Y 2 27.836 35.356 30.206 1.275 45 1 SC RI 11 X 1 11.097 17.141 15.954 0.355 24 SC RI 11 X 2 8.905 15.779 14.743 0.242 31 SC RI 3 ZA 1 19.084 26.025 21.173 1.244 38 5 SC RI 3 ZA 2 14.651 23.332 20.081 0.629 46 2 SC RI 58 ZB 1 28.128 32.855 29.84 1.028 53 SC RI 58 ZB 2 14.954 22.279 19.659 0.507 32 SC RI 79 ZB 1 27.42 30.124 26.72 0.774 44 1 SC RI 79 ZB 2 29.373 32.164 28.452 0.79 50 3 SC RI 86 ZB 1 21.678 28.06 25.914 0.74 27 SC RI 86 ZB 2 20.363 24.112 21.432 0.957 25 SC RI 88 ZB 1 19.306 23.281 22.112 0.266 29 SC RI 88 ZB 2 13.088 19.339 17.637 0.346 35 SC RI 64 M 1 56.294 46.704 41.258 2.105 50 2 SC RI 64 M 2 45.855 42.2 37.752 1.507 54 2 SC RI 20 O 1 15.563 21.954 20.404 0.431 47 SC RI 20 O 2 25.205 27.057 25.019 0.679 58 SC RI 29 S 1 89.216 62.903 55.857 4.042 48 2 SC RI 29 S 2 106.772 71.125 63.719 4.411 46 4 SC RI 3 U 1 16.617 24.049 21.446 0.756 38 SC RI 3 U 2 20.109 26.664 23.571 0.893 40 SC RI 42 V 1 15.81 22.781 20.014 0.701 34 SC RI 42 V 2 10.688 18.107 16.017 0.38 26 SC RI 86 Y 1 29.417 37.612 32.373 1.535 42 3 SC RI 86 Y 2 22.091 35.379 28.797 1.286 54 6 SC RI 51 U 1 21.239 28.438 25.908 1.012 30 1 SC RI 51 U 2 18.896 25.281 23.116 0.839 22 2 SC RI 63 S 1 17.048 27.78 23.587 0.986 30 1 SC RI 63 S 2 9.899 24.962 21.155 0.597 37 2 SC RI 50 U 1 20.411 23.951 22.248 0.531 43 1 SC RI 50 U 2 21.512 24.883 23.266 0.522 40 SC RI 47 G 1 17.889 28.509 25.129 0.783 54 5 SC RI 47 G 2 30.608 33.292 30.56 0.742 36 5 SC RI 82 H 1 14.832 25.247 21.707 0.736 44 2 SC RI 82 H 2 12.754 21.712 19.037 0.607 34 2 SC RI 80 E 1 16.263 21.657 19.421 0.577 40 SC RI 80 E 2 11.664 17.261 15.852 0.432 33 1 SC RI 13 Q 1 28.025 30.47 27.763 1.067 37 3 SC RI 13 Q 2 28.403 30.886 28.605 0.828 37 5 SC RI 67 L 1 15.326 26.433 22.66 0.772 36 6 SC RI 67 L 2 34.622 38.131 33.795 1.173 50 5 SC RI 86 O 1 26.528 31.105 26.643 1.064 35 2 SC RI 86 O 2 8.359 16.356 14.675 0.32 32 2 SC RI 53 B 1 14.875 23.957 21.295 0.287 50 2 SC RI 53 B 2 12.927 24.186 21.304 0.319 57 1 SC RI 31 G 1 30.653 36.082 31.122 1.589 50 4 SC RI 31 G 2 22.998 30.756 27.189 1.054 44 2 SC RI 36 I 1 26.252 29.177 26.759 0.844 43 SC RI 36 I 2 22.173 23.823 21.855 0.802 32 SC RI 69 J 1 18.151 25.709 23.285 0.657 42 4 SC RI 69 J 2 12.824 20.738 19.399 0.53 32 SC RI 79 I 1 15.578 23.859 20.899 0.624 53 2 SC RI 79 I 2 12.28 17.907 15.974 0.474 27 SC RI 45 D 1 27.47 30.4 27.086 1.467 38 1 SC RI 45 D 2 17.696 25.268 22.95 0.742 40 2 SC RI 48 D 1 47.195 39.099 36.975 1.347 28 1 SC RI 48 D 2 41.643 38.888 35.666 1.768 31 SC RI 53 E 1 12.08 16.782 16.002 0.382 25 SC RI 53 E 2 20.764 25.07 23.264 0.67 33 SC RI 33 F 1 54.684 39.65 35.281 2.462 46 SC RI 33 F 2 19.915 26.015 22.755 1.049 44 1 SC RI 63 B 1 17.026 30.495 25.619 1.076 54 5 SC RI 63 B 2 16.698 29.482 25.226 0.909 55 4 SC RI 65 D 1 15.34 23.018 19.994 0.832 32 SC RI 65 D 2 18.138 27.245 22.759 1.003 37 SC FL 1 1 26.565 29.714 26.537 0.705 67 4 SC FL 1 2 28.645 28.264 25.839 0.833 49 SC FL 2 1 17.221 26.955 24.119 0.832 47 SC FL 2 2 27.605 32.003 29.487 1.015 36 SC FL 3 1 66.7 58.966 51.346 3.918 40 2 SC FL 3 2 69.83 59.712 52.458 3.619 45 2 SC FL 4 1 13.967 23.795 21.224 0.581 46 1 SC FL 4 2 13.156 23.859 21.31 0.535 47 SC FL 5 1 13.669 21.172 19.344 0.438 36 SC FL 5 2 20.951 25.828 23.49 0.579 38 SC FL 6 1 36.043 34.334 31.683 1.025 35 1 SC FL 6 2 24.612 28.135 25.498 0.897 30 1 SC FL 7 1 15.828 25.151 22.834 0.88 31 SC FL 7 2 23.302 27.945 25.562 1.054 32 SC FL 8 1 35.523 36.626 30.725 0.944 58 SC FL 8 2 24.7 31.379 26.007 0.757 59 SC FL 9 1 12.8 18.902 17.88 0.273 35 SC FL 9 2 8.593 18.674 15.777 0.354 43 SC FL 10 1 31.991 34.227 31.727 1.29 35 SC FL 10 2 43.458 44.298 40.229 2.319 35 1 SC FL 11 1 20.243 24.361 22.434 0.707 27 SC FL 11 2 23.838 25.928 24.401 0.602 25 SC FL 12 1 23.059 29.767 26.476 0.769 63 SC FL 12 2 30.508 33.07 29.629 1.104 58 SC FL 13 1 12.098 20.641 19.168 0.415 20 SC FL 13 2 11.246 22.368 20.127 0.563 23 FL RI 20 S 1 16.812 24.719 22.151 0.646 36 2 FL RI 20 S 2 13.889 20.256 18.478 0.315 28 FL RI 63 Z 1 20.297 23.026 21.064 1.009 26 2 FL RI 63 Z 2 21.439 24.442 22.238 1.188 29 4 FL RI 30 N 1 6.972 17.992 15.795 0.374 32 3 FL RI 30 N 2 10.464 24.252 21.223 0.48 39 1 FL RI 23 S 1 23.7 28.967 25.951 1.078 34 FL RI 23 S 2 24.026 27.473 24.001 1.065 34 1 FL RI 28 ZA 1 19.708 28.141 25.346 0.635 32 4 FL RI 28 ZA 2 16.99 26.004 22.214 0.601 34 FL RI 31 ZB 1 27.817 29.12 25.542 1.045 35 1 FL RI 31 ZB 2 25.911 28.524 24.564 1.043 30 FL RI 51 ZB 1 28.42 31.401 29.83 0.819 41 FL RI 51 ZB 2 25.48 29.084 27.046 1.151 34 FL RI 74 ZA 1 9.826 18.329 16.633 0.367 32 FL RI 74 ZA 2 23.821 28.957 26.057 0.962 34 FL RI 75 ZB 1 27.103 33.735 30.707 1.259 32 FL RI 75 ZB 2 27.833 34.384 31.333 1.14 28 FL RI 60 S 1 25.517 28.962 25.823 0.904 31 2 FL RI 60 S 2 46.226 39.398 35.608 1.651 32 FL RI 16 S 1 18.642 26.32 23.287 0.688 46 FL RI 16 S 2 18.594 27.435 23.543 0.684 45 2 FL RI 27 S 1 22.033 30.307 27.35 0.866 44 FL RI 27 S 2 18.572 28.094 24.818 0.721 48 FL RI 72 Y 1 20.165 26.565 24.352 0.692 36 1 FL RI 72 Y 2 23.222 26.921 24.905 0.751 25 FL RI 28 G 1 44.842 34.213 32.477 0.907 26 FL RI 28 G 2 46.211 35.413 33.478 0.864 38 FL RI 57 E 1 7.002 14.244 12.705 0.318 29 3 FL RI 76 L 1 42.63 40.849 36.725 1.619 48 FL RI 76 L 2 16.503 22.911 20.814 0.835 29 FL RI 68 R 1 34.073 31.158 29.064 1.159 31 1 FL RI 68 R 2 33.202 33.133 30.438 1.078 37 1 FL RI 26 R 1 32.35 27.426 26.209 0.633 27 FL RI 26 R 2 16.852 19.637 18.66 0.419 19 FL RI 48 L 1 14.241 27.935 24.255 0.957 38 FL RI 48 L 2 10.942 26.252 22.109 1.046 33 3 FL RI 54 K 1 26.742 26.352 23.901 0.949 27 FL RI 54 K 2 30.518 30.399 28.33 0.912 31 FL RI 88 L 1 11.449 19.382 17.823 0.47 29 FL RI 88 L 2 11.239 21.11 18.815 0.454 32 FL RI 29 I 1 14.006 20.449 19.214 0.432 32 FL RI 29 I 2 9.002 15.439 14.251 0.387 28 FL RI 38 J 1 15.256 21.651 19.61 0.498 31 FL RI 38 J 2 15.813 25.496 22.207 0.593 48 FL RI 65 I 1 10.608 18.288 16.825 0.403 27 FL RI 65 I 2 13.469 21.625 19.446 0.695 34 1 FL RI 51 F 1 17.272 22.196 20.179 0.571 25 FL RI 51 F 2 13.979 19.933 18.6 0.403 21 FL RI 37 F 1 11.26 24.763 21.528 0.724 29 2 FL RI 37 F 2 13.389 26.98 23.697 0.713 38 FL RI 46 B 1 37.059 38.197 33.265 1.041 66 2 FL RI 46 B 2 38.571 40.299 35.352 1.121 64 2 FL RI 9 F 1 34.315 34.034 29.349 2.478 28 4 FL RI 9 F 2 31.863 31.572 27.928 1.785 32 FL RI 16 C 1 26.403 28.253 25.074 1.186 29 3 FL RI 16 C 2 32.037 30.094 27.675 1.042 34 FL FL 1 1 36.347 31.04 29.193 1.222 23 FL FL 1 2 22.082 24.617 23.558 0.552 18 FL FL 2 1 24.329 26.317 24.929 0.963 24 FL FL 2 2 14.26 19.159 18.6 0.389 14 FL FL 3 1 10.322 18.724 17.383 0.512 19 FL FL 3 2 29.249 31.237 29.353 1.601 14 FL FL 4 1 30.413 31.547 29.374 1.195 21 1 FL FL 4 2 23.366 29.463 26.493 1.011 34 FL FL 5 1 18.526 22.399 20.745 0.826 25 FL FL 5 2 39.97 43.327 39.096 2.263 38 2 FL FL 6 1 45.9 38.814 36.182 1.604 31 1 FL FL 6 2 21.984 26.231 24.673 0.692 25 FL FL 7 1 38.254 35.555 32.556 1.335 37 1 FL FL 7 2 29.616 33.761 30.445 1.033 40 FL FL 8 1 15.592 19.688 18.819 0.529 10 FL FL 8 2 22.401 25.239 24.234 0.804 11 FL FL 9 1 38.402 29.552 28.899 0.411 13 FL FL 9 2 18.07 22.512 21.276 0.487 14 FL FL 10 1 16.492 23.909 22.131 0.7 30 FL FL 10 2 15.583 23.884 21.162 1.113 25 FL FL 11 1 34.558 31.287 29.77 1.488 21 FL FL 11 2 23.16 24.913 23.543 0.974 15 FL FL 12 1 34.649 35.125 31.545 1.744 28 1 FL FL 12 2 11.838 24.174 21.539 0.808 27 FL FL 13 1 29.612 30.104 27.702 1.756 24 FL FL 13 2 16.666 20.865 20.121 0.582 11 FL FL 14 1 34.884 29.581 28.836 0.474 10 FL FL 14 2 26.412 27.22 26.539 0.514 11 FL FL 15 1 18.887 20.006 19.176 0.35 13 FL FL 15 2 20.251 21.217 20.204 0.514 23