Originally, three further items— (a) given money to charity, (b) done volunteer work for a charity, and (c) donated blood— were also part of this item battery in the GSS. However, because Items a and b fit with the other studies in terms of content, we decided to analyze them separately in Studies 3 and 5. Moreover, due to a considerable low item-factor correlation (.23 compared with a mean item-factor correlation of .56 for the other items), we removed Item c from our final scale.