Correction: A systematic review of the relationship between internet use, self-harm and suicidal behaviour in young people: The good, the bad and the unknown

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181722.].

To explore the prevalence of risk behaviours (excessive alcohol, drug use, truancy etc.) and their association with psychopathology and self-destructive behaviours Latent class analysis identified three groups of adolescents: high risk, including pupils who scored high on all risk behaviours; low risk including pupils with low frequency of behaviours and invisible risk. This 'invisible risk' group was found to score high on use of media and have similar prevalence of suicidal thoughts/psychopathology as 'visible risk' group. The invisible risk group were at significantly higher risk than the low risk group for non-suicidal selfinjury (Relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.40; 95% CI 1.13 1.84), suicidal ideation (RRR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.12-1.48) and suicide attempt (RRR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.22-2.35).
Negative QuantitativeHigh Hagihara, 2012 [26], Japan Young adults in Japan; Rate of suicide; To examine the association between suicide-related searches and the incidence of suicide on young adults in Japan Association between Internet suicide-related searches and the incidence of suicide in Japan (over 77 months): the terms "hydrogen sulphide", "hydrogen sulphide suicide", and "suicide hydrogen sulphide suicide" at (t-11) were related to the incidence of suicide among people aged in their 20s (P = 0.005, 0.005, and 0.006, respectively). To describe an adolescent suicide cluster and the possible role of online social networking and text messaging as sources or contagion and obstacles to recognition of a potential cluster These cases did not belong to a single school but were linked by social networking sites including memorial pages. This facilitated the rapid spread of information and made recognition and management of a possible cluster more difficult To describe the influences of media on suicidal behaviours, from the perspectives of young people.
Participants considered some interactive media supportive. 80% (n = 12) of those who used violent methods of selfharm had been exposed to suicide content via the internet before the incident To determine whether online news and social networking sites, expose young people to suicide stories that might increase suicide ideation Online sources of information were quite common (reported by 59% of participants). Social networking sites were frequently cited as sources but were not linked to increases in ideation. However online discussion forums were associated with increases in suicide ideation   (1897; 43) To measure the prevalence of internet addiction and to detect related socio-demographic factors The prevalence of possible internet addiction was found to 14%. A significant association between problematic internet use and self-harm was found (ß = 0.574, OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.30-2.43, P <0.001). Adolescents with possible internet addiction were also found to have low levels of loneliness and high levels of life satisfaction. To investigate the association between excessive video game/internet use and teen suicidality Teens who reported more than 5 hours a day of video game/internet use had a significantly higher risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.1) and suicide planning (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-1.9). Authors find a potential protective influence of low video game use compared with no use.

Both positive and negative
QuantitativeHigh

Sources of help
Hetrick, 2014 a [43], Australia Melbourne high school students experience suicidal ideation; (21) To investigate the usefulness of an internet-based CBT programme Over the course of the intervention negative problemsolving orientation improved (t = 4.38, p < 0.0005) and students relied less on emotion focused coping strategies. Adolescents rated the problem-solving and cognitive restructuring modules as particularly helpful. To explore what young people who self-harm think about online self-harm discussion forums Participants claimed to learn more about mental health issues from online forums than from information sites, find it easier to talk about self-harm to strangers than to family or friends and preferred to talk online than in person. To bring together young people who self-harm and health professionals online

Positive
The young people were keen to share their experiences and supported one another during crises. Health professionals did not actively participate in forums due to reported lack of confidence and concerns relating to workload and duty of care. Informal support was the most common type of exchange (28.3% of posts). Concealment of practice (9.1%), perceived addictiveness (8.9)and formal help-seeking (7.1) were also discussion themes To assess the assumption that suicide message boards are harmful.
Both constructive (e.g. help-seeking) and destructive (e.g. finding a suicide partner) motives were identified. A significant reduction in suicidal thoughts was found following forum use (