Tinggianthura alba: A New Genus and Species of Anthuridae (Isopoda, Cymothoida, Anthuroidea) from Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia with an Updated Key to the Genera of Anthuridae

A new anthurid isopod from dead coral rubble and stones in the intertidal area of Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia, is described. It is placed in a new genus and species, Tinggianthura alba. Tinggianthura is characterized by: (1) subtriangular carpus shape of pereopods 4–7, (2) pereopod 1 propodus palm without prominent tooth or steps and (3) maxillipedal palp 2-articled.

According to Myers et al. [4], Malaysia which falls under the Sundaland region has been regarded as one of the hotspot of biodiversity. Despite the fact, Negeoscu [5] reported that the anthuroid isopods from this region are still poorly known. There is no significant attempt to explore the isopod fauna from these waters except the study of Hans-George Müller on the coral reef fauna of two Malaysian islands Pulau Babi Besar and Pulau Tioman over a period of three weeks in April 1991 [6,7,8,9]. In that work, six new species was found, namely Apanthura bruscai, A. tiomanae, Eisothistos besar, Leptanthura coralliophila, Mesanthura asiatica and M. kiliani. Also, four existing species Apanthura stocki, Cyathura bentotae, Mesanthura albolineata and M. protei were recorded for the first time from Malaysian waters. In this paper, a new genus is established to accommodate the new species Tinggianthura alba.

Materials and Methods
The specimens in this study were obtained from the intertidal area of Pulau Tinggi, Johor located in the southeast coast of Peninsula Malaysia (Figure 1). Samples of dead coral substrate and stones were collected into a bucket with seawater. They are moderately broken up, then a few drops of concentrated formaldehyde were added and left to stand for about 30 minutes. Next, the samples were rinsed with seawater with the washings passed through a 500 mm sieve. In the field, samples were fixed with 10% formalin in sea water. At the laboratory, the specimens were sorted and conserved separately in 4% formalin in water for later examination. Whole body and dissected appendages were mounted in glycerol and illustrated under a Leica DMLB light microscope equipped with a camera lucida.

Ethics Statement
This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in Animal Care & Use Guidelines of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Animal Ethics Committee (UKMAEC). The animals studied in this research are microscopic crustaceans found from dead coral rubbles which need no ethics approval from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Animal Ethics Committee (UKMAEC). Sultan Iskandar Marine Park, Johor has issued the permit for animal collection in Pulau Tinggi, Johor. All efforts were made to minimize suffering and habitat destruction.

Nomenclatural Acts
The electronic edition of this article conforms to the requirements of the amended International Code of Zoological Nomen-clature, and hence the new names contained herein are available under that Code from the electronic edition of this article. This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for the ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can be resolved and the associated information viewed through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to the prefix "http://zoobank.org/". The LSID for this publication is: urn: lsid:zoobank.org:pub:067317CC-B719-4FF4BCB3-D58335F41452. The electronic edition of this work was published in a journal with an ISSN, and has been archived and is available from the following digital repositories: PubMed Central, LOCKSS.

Results and Discussion
The new genus could be identified using the following updated key, taken and modified from Poore's (2001) and (2009) key to include Tinggianthura.
Key to the genera of Anthuridae    Type species. Tinggianthura alba, new species, here designated.
Etymology. Named after the type locality Pulau Tinggi in combination with the 'anthura' stem.
The new genus is similar to Caenanthura Kensley, 1978 in having short flagella of antenna 2, pereopods 4-7 carpus shape, straight propodal palm of pereopod 1 and the 2-articled maxillipedal palp. However, the pereopod 1 propodus palm in Caenanthura exhibit a strong proximal seta. Apart from this, Tinggianthura differs in having mandibular palp of 3 articles compared to 1 or 2 very short articles in Caenanthura.
The pereopods 4-7 carpus more or less triangular in Tinggianthura separates this genus from Haliophasma, Nemanthura and Notanthura having their pereopods 4-7 carpus more or less rectangular.
Etymology. alba, from the Latin meaning white, in allusion to the whitish body colour of the specimens.
Pleotelson longer than wide with a pair of statocyst proximally, widest subdistally then tapering to a slightly concave apex bearing a pair of long setae and 2 pairs of short setae, 3 short setae on each border subdistally, subdistal region with 4 pairs of long setae dorsally ( Figure 6E).
Antenna 1 peduncle article 1 robust longer than wide, article 2 slightly wider than long, article 3 narrower; flagellum of 4 articles with article 1 shortest almost hidden, article 2 bearing numerous long aesthetascs particularly on one side, terminal article with about 8 setae apically ( Figure 7A).
Antenna 2 similar to female, flagellum article 2 minute hidden by many setae emerging distally from article 1 ( Figure 7B).