Fig 1.
Schematic of the experimental soil profile.
Table 1.
Classification of soil texture.
Fig 2.
Rainfall and potential evapotranspiration during simulation.
Table 2.
Crop growth and root water uptake parameters for cotton.
Table 3.
Optimisation results of field hydraulic parameters.
Table 4.
Salt transport parameters in different soil layers.
Fig 3.
Statistical analysis of the rainfall series (stability analysis, A; sliding analysis, B).
Fig 4.
Schematic of the model calibration and scenario analysis framework.
(Inverse Modeling, A; Scenario Analysis and Prediction,B).
Table 5.
Statistical evaluation of model performance for soil moisture and salinity simulation.
Fig 5.
Simulated and measured values of soil moisture at different soil depths (60 cm, A; 200 cm, B; 450 cm, C).
Fig 6.
Simulated and measured values of soil water salinity at different soil depths (60 cm, A; 180 cm, B; 500 cm, C).
Fig 7.
Variations in water storage in the vadose zone under different groundwater depths (1m, A; 3m, B).
Fig 8.
Salt accumulation patterns under different groundwater depths.
Fig 9.
Salt accumulation trends in soil profiles over different years under varying groundwater depths.
(A, rising from 5.5 m to 3 m; B, unchanged at 5.5 m; C, decreased to 10 m,).
Fig 10.
Soil profile salinity distribution after 10 years under different groundwater depths.