Fig 1.
A two-step decision-support framework using the urban green carbon index (UGCI) and the multi-dimensional plot approach.
Fig 2.
The refined high-resolution land-cover map of the study area (Republished from V-world data platform under a CC-BY license, with permission from V-world data platform (2025)).
Table 1.
Detailed information of the input data used in model for estimating net C uptake and soil silt and clay content.
Fig 3.
30 m resolution maps of (a) vegetation C storage, (b) soil C storage, (c) net C uptake, and (d) soil C storage potential in Suwon’s urban green areas.
Fig 4.
(a) Spatial distribution and (b) the proportion of UGCI levels by land cover types.
Fig 5.
(a) UGCI boxplot for edge versus non-edge in the forests and the urban parks; (b) UGCI boxplot for the forest edges and the urban park edges according to their adjacent land cover. Red diamonds indicate the mean UGCI for each group. Statistical significance is denoted by asterisk notation (****, p < 0.001).
Fig 6.
Ternary plots depicting ‘low’ (red points) and ‘extremely low’ (blue points) UGCI levels across land cover types: (a) forests, (b) agricultural areas, (c) urban parks, and (d) roadside vegetation.
Fig 7.
Comparison between the Urban Green Carbon Index (UGCI) and the Carbon Sequestration Potential Index (CSPI).
Spatial distributions of (a) UGCI and (b) CSPI across the study area are shown. The red box marks the region of interest, for which detailed views are provided in (c) UGCI, and (d) CSPI.