Table 1.
Baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population (n = 512).
Fig 1.
Overall survival according to the combined CEA/PNI score at baseline.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS) stratified by the combined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score at baseline. Patients were classified into four groups: CEAHIGH & PNILOW, CEAHIGH & PNIHIGH, CEALOW & PNILOW, and CEALOW & PNIHIGH. The high-risk group (CEAHIGH & PNILOW) showed significantly worse OS compared to the reference group (CEA LOW & PNI HIGH), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–4.86; p = 0.01). Survival distributions were compared using the log-rank test.
Fig 2.
Overall survival according to the combined CEA/PNI score at first response assessment.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS) stratified by the combined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score at the first response assessment (2 months after initiation of systemic therapy). Patients were classified into four groups: CEAHIGH & PNILOW, CEAHIGH & PNIHIGH, CEALOW & PNILOW, and CEALOW & PNIHIGH. The high-risk group (CEAHIGH & PNILOW) showed significantly worse OS compared to the reference group (CEALOW & PNIHIGH), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.30 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–4.18; p = 0.006). Survival distributions were compared using the log-rank test.
Fig 3.
Progression-free survival according to the combined CEA/PNI score at baseline.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves for progression-free survival (PFS) stratified by the combined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score at baseline. Patients were classified into four groups: CEAHIGH & PNILOW, CEAHIGH & PNIHIGH, CEALOW & PNILOW, and CEALOW & PNIHIGH. The high-risk group (CEAHIGH & PNILOW) showed significantly worse PFS compared to the reference group (CEALOW & PNIHIGH), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–3.75; p < 0.001). Survival distributions were compared using the log-rank test.
Fig 4.
Progression-free survival according to the combined CEA/PNI score at first response assessment.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves for progression-free survival (PFS) stratified by the combined carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score at the first response assessment (2 months after initiation of systemic therapy). Patients were classified into four groups: CEAHIGH & PNILOW, CEAHIGH & PNIHIGH, CEALOW & PNILOW, and CEALOW & PNIHIGH. Both high-risk groups (CEAHIGH & PNILOW and CEAHIGH & PNIHIGH) showed significantly worse PFS compared to the reference group (CEALOW & PNIHIGH), with hazard ratio (HR) of 6.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.27–14.20; p < 0.001) and 6.14 (95% CI: 2.92–12.90; p < 0.001), respectively. Survival distributions were compared using the log-rank test.