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Fig 1.

Overview of study area and schematic diagram of sampling locations.

(a)General distribution map of loess in Ili region (Schematic redrawn based on geological information from Ye et al. [20]); (b)Typical geological cross-section of loess strata; (c)Field photograph of Upper Pleistocene aeolian loess on slope surface; (d)Field photograph of Holocene colluvial loess at slope toe.

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Table 1.

Probabilistic statistical analysis results of loess geotechnical parameters.

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

Statistical results of correlation analysis between loess compression coefficient and soil properties.

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Table 3.

Statistical table of selected soil property correlation coefficients.

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Fig 2.

Scatter plots of loess compression coefficient vs. compression modulus correlation analysis.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Fig 3.

Scatter plots of loess compression coefficient vs. void ratio correlation analysis.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Scatter plots of loess compression coefficient vs. dry density correlation analysis.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Table 4.

Summary of loess compressibility and soil property regression models.

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Table 5.

Regression coefficients and significance analysis for loess compressibility and soil properties.

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Table 6.

Comparison of loess compressibility multiple regression model prediction results with measured data.

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Fig 5.

Error Plots of Loess Compressibility Multiple Regression Model Predictions vs. Measured Values.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Fig 5 Expand

Table 7.

Dataset partitioning for random forest prediction model.

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Table 8.

Comparison of loess compressibility random forest model prediction results with measured data.

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Fig 6.

Error Plots of Loess Compressibility Random Forest Model Predictions vs. Measured Values.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Table 9.

Dataset partitioning for multilayer perceptron neural network prediction model.

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Table 10.

Comparison of loess compressibility multilayer perceptron neural network model prediction results with measured data.

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Fig 7.

Error Plots of Loess Compressibility Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network Model Predictions vs. Measured Values.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Fig 8.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Ili loess microstructure.

(a) ×1500; (b) ×6000; (c) ×30000.

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Fig 9.

Comparison of Measured Compression Coefficient Values with Predicted Values from the Established Model.

(a) Huocheng County; (b) Nilka County; (c) Xinyuan County.

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Table 11.

Comparative statistical table of established prediction models for each region.

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