Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Table 1.
List of included studies.
Table 2.
Risk of bias assessment for all studies following the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool (Higgins et al., 2019).
As detection bias is assessed for each outcome separately, we classified the different outcomes when more than one was reported in a study and rated the risk of bias for each class of outcomes (e.g. IAT; self-reports; physiological recordings) as low, unclear, or high.