Table 1.
Demographics, outcomes, and costs of HF hospitalizations with and without CUD and OUD in the United States from 2008–2018.
Fig 1.
Percent of HF admissions with CUD and OUD over time: Primary HF admissions with a co-diagnosis of CUD or OUD were trended over 2008 to 2018 and then linear regression was used to analyze significance of trends.
Linear regression: p<0.001, all.