Fig 1.
Samples for GDF15 measurements were retrieved from the original cesarean section study by Gustavsson et al [18], and from the follow-up study by Andersson-Hall et al [28].
Table 1.
Maternal characteristics at delivery and at follow-up.
Table 2.
GDF15 in serum and CSF at delivery and at follow-up 5 years after delivery.
Fig 2.
Correlations between GDF15 in cerebrospinal fluid and GDF15 in serum.
Pearson correlation at A) cesarean section and B) at follow-up 5 years after pregnancy.
Fig 3.
Maternal GDF15 levels at cesarean section depending on fetal sex.
Box plot of GDF15 in A) serum, B) CSF or C) CSF:serum ratio. aindependent t-test; badjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age and gestational age. The box represents first quartile, median and third quartile; the whiskers represent standard deviation.
Table 3.
Associations for serum and CSF GDF15 during pregnancy.