Fig 1.
General radiomic workflow in the study.
Table 1.
Difference of conventional image features between ALNM and ALNC.
Fig 2.
LASSO regression for radiomic feature selection.
(A) Selection of the parameter (λ) in the LASSO model by 10-fold cross-validation based on minimum criteria. The y-axis indicates binomial deviances. The lower x-axis indicates the log(λ). Red dots indicate the average deviance values for each model with a given λ, and vertical bars through the red dots show the upper and lower values of the deviances. The dotted vertical lines define the optimal values of λ, where the model provides the best fit to the data. (B) A coefficient profile plot was produced against the log (l) sequence. Vertical line was drawn at the value selected using 10-fold cross-validation, where optimal λ resulted in non-zero coefficients.
Table 2.
Diagnostic performance of all models for detection of metastatic axillary lymph node.
Fig 3.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of conventional model, pharmacokinetic model (PK-model), radiomic model, and the combined model for diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in the training (A) and validation (B) group at a ratio of 7 to 3.
Fig 4.
Nomogram for diagnosis of metastatic axillary nodes.
The values for each variable correspond to a point at the top of the graph, and the sum of the points for all the variables corresponds to a total point; a line drawn from the total points to the bottom line shows the probability of axillary lymph nodes metastasis. Heterogenous enhancement feature (HEF) is a conventional image feature.
Fig 5.
Calibration curve of the nomogram for the training (red) and validation (blue) cohorts at a ratio of 7 to 3. The X-axis represents the probability that nomogram diagnosed the axillary lymph nodes metastasis, while Y-axis represents the actual rate of axillary lymph nodes metastasis.
Fig 6.
Decision curve analysis of the nomogram of combined model and conventional model.
The y-axis measures the net benefit. The red line represents the nomogram of the combined model. The blue line represents the conventional model. The thin grey line represents the assumption that all patients have axillary lymph nodes metastases. The black line represents the assumption that none of the patients have axillary lymph nodes metastases.