Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of SLE patients.
Fig 1.
Comparison of three urinary markers in LN patients and healthy controls.
Comparison of uCystatinC (A), uKIM-1(B), and uMCP-1(C) levels in four groups of patients showed significant increase of the urinary markers in active LN patients. ROC curve for the three UBMs showed good performance to differentiate active LN from inactive LN (D). A-LN: active lupus nephritis, I-LN: inactive lupus nephritis, NR-SLE: nonrenal SLE, HC: healthy controls, KIM-1: kidney injury molecule 1, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1.
Table 2.
UBMs levels in different groups of patientsa.
Table 3.
Correlation of UBMs with disease activity scores.
Fig 2.
Comparison of three urinary markers in different pathologic classes of lupus nephritis.
Comparison of uCystatinC (A), uKIM-1(B), and uVCAM-1(C) levels in proliferative and membranous LN patients and ROC curve for the combined two and three UBMs to differentiate proliferative LN from membranous LN (D). KIM-1: kidney injury molecule 1, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, Sen: sensitivity, Spe: specificity, PPV: positive predictive value, NPV: negative predictive value, AUC: area under the curve.
Fig 3.
NGAL as a potential marker of treatment response.
Comparison of NGAL in LN patients with different response status after 6 months of treatment (A) and ROC curve for NGAL to differentiate responders from non-responders (B). NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, CR: complete response, PR: partial response, NR: Non- response, Sen: sensitivity, Spe: specificity, PPV: positive predictive value, NPV: negative predictive value, AUC: area under the curve.