Table 1.
Clinical parameters among CKD patients and controls.
Table 2.
Clinical parameters among F-CKD and NF-CKD patients.
Fig 1.
Dendrogram constructed from analysis of PCR-DGGE gels using Pearson's correlation coefficient and the unweighted-pair group method.
F-CKD (blue squares); NF-CKD (red squares); C (yellow squares).
Fig 2.
A. Graphical PCA of CKD-F (orange squares), CKD-NF (green triangles) and C (blue balls) microbial communities. The analysis was carried out at OTU level. B. Graphic summary of alpha-diversity indices. Comparison of Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices of gut microbiota between CKD-F, NF and Controls.
Fig 3.
Graphical results obtained with logarithmic linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score higher than 2 determined by effect size (LefSe).
Indicator bacterial groups within the CKD and Control groups were: Citrobacter genus resulted to be more abundant in CKD patients than in C whereas Roseburia spp. was higher in C than in CKD group.
Fig 4.
Statistically significant bacterial groups expressed as relative abundance (%).
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (A, B): Green and yellow bars represent CKD patients and healthy controls respectively. On the left, there are the bacterial genera with higher relative abundance (A), on the right those with lower relative abundance (B). (C, D): Blue and red bars represent Frail (F) and Not frail (N) patients respectively; bacterial genera with higher relative abundance (C), bacterial genera with lower relative abundance (D).
Fig 5.
Representation of RT-PCR quantification (expressed as log of relative abundance) of species resulted to be statistically different by sequence analysis.
Table 3.
Correlation analysis of CRP, MIS and N/L values and gMB.