Fig 1.
Olex data coverage for the Newfoundland and Labrador region.
Fig 2.
Conceptual diagram of the Empirical Bayesian Kriging process as employed in ArcGIS Pro 2.0.
Fig 3.
Distribution of single-beam depth soundings collected by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (NAFO Subdivision 3LNOPs) used to validate interpolated bathymetry.
Table 1.
Terrain attributes generated for this study based on recommendations made by Lecours et al. [54], including tools and parameters.
Table 2.
Parameters used to generate r.geomorphons classifications at multiple spatial scales.
Fig 4.
Interpolated bathymetry coverage of the Newfoundland and Labrador Large Marine Ecosystem (LME).
Fig 5.
Bathymetric surfaces and horizontal depth profiles of tunnel valley systems on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
(A) General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (approx. 930 x 630 m grid at this latitude) and (B) the interpolated bathymetry (75 x 75 m grid).
Fig 6.
Study area and terrain attributes calculated with Benthic Terrain Modeler 3.0.
(A) footprint of interpolated bathymetry, (B) interpolated bathymetry (75 m), C) Vector Ruggedness Measure (multiscale), D) Aspect quantified as easterness (multiscale), E) Aspect quantified as northerness (multiscale), F) Slope (multiscale), G) Rugosity, quantified as standard bathymetric deviation (multiscale), H) Fine BPI (75 m), I) Moderate BPI (multiscale), and J) Broad BPI (1200 m).
Fig 7.
Geomorphometric classification of interpolated bathymetry for the Newfoundland and Labrador shelves: (A) Seafloor relief based on multiscale bathymetric standard deviation, (B) submarine canyons, and (C) geomorphologic phenotype.
Fig 8.
Features identified by hierarchical BPI classification of submarine canyons.
Fig 9.
Comparison of newly mapped canyon features to canyons mapped and classified by Harris et al. [41], including (A) Halibut Channel and (B) apparently blind canyon features West of Halibut Channel.