Fig 1.
(A) Pressure-generating and measuring equipment, consisting of a driving unit, a measuring unit, and a control program unit. (B) Operating unit. (C) Contactor.
Fig 2.
Operating protocol for the pressure pain threshold measurements.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
Fig 3.
Pressure pain threshold measurement sites on the body.
Table 2.
Pain assessment sites in both front and back of the body.
Fig 4.
Pressure pain thresholds for 15 body sites; mean values of three repeated measurements at each site for 100 participants.
Table 3.
Pressure pain threshold which is arithmetic mean from 3 repeated measurements.
Both percentile and quartile for arithmetic mean values.
Fig 5.
Variations in pressure pain thresholds by (A) age and (B) body mass index (BMI).
Fig 6.
Skin changes after pressure pain threshold measurements.
Mild changes, including depressions, erythema, and scratch, were primarily observed.
Fig 7.
(A) Distribution of pressure pain threshold measured at the forehead. (B) Peak values and (C) half-width determined from the Gaussian fit of the thresholds of 100 participants.
Fig 8.
Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the first, second, and third measurements at each site.
The correlations were classified as good (ICC ≥ 0.75), fair-to-good (0.40 ≤ ICC < 0.75), or poor (ICC < 0.40).
Fig 9.
Parameter estimates and 95% confidence intervals for multivariate log-normal regressions examining pressure pain thresholds as a function of age (A) and BMI (B).