Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of metformin users stratified by dose and propensity score-matched nonusers.
Fig 1.
Flowchart of study design and case selection (CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; TB: Tuberculosis; * normal renal function was defined as no previous diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy and no receipt of renal replacement therapy before the index date).
Fig 2.
Kaplan–Meier curves depicting time to active tuberculosis among metformin users and nonusers (2A), and high-dose and low-dose metformin users (2B).
Table 2.
Predictors of tuberculosis development among newly diagnosis diabetic patients determined through multivariate stratified Cox proportional hazard regression analysis after propensity score matching for metformin use.
Table 3.
Dose–response analysis for the effect of metformin use on tuberculosis development in the 88,866 diabetic metformin users (receiving ≥90 defined daily doses [DDDs] of metformin within the first year after the index date).
Table 4.
Impact of metformin use on tuberculosis development in the whole study population and patients with normal renal function.