Fig 1.
Photographs of the commercially available skinless bolus (A and B) in place prior to treatment compared to the customized 3D bolus in the dame dog (C and D).
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of companion animals treated with 3D printed bolus during radiation therapy.
Fig 2.
Correlation of time required to 3D print bolus to bolus volume.
The hours required to generate 3D printed bolus was significantly correlated to the size of the bolus.
Table 2.
Characteristics of 3D bolus generation.
Fig 3.
Spatial accuracy of 3D bolus placement compared to the planned bolus.
The planned bolus is in yellow while the PTV is in red where visible. Images demonstrate the planned bolus (left), 3D generated bolus on the CBCT (middle) and conventional bolus on the CBCT (right). (A) Axial images demonstrate bolus for Case 7, which was the largest mean surface deviation for the conventional bolus (far right) compared to the planned bolus. The conventional bolus is outlined in green here to demonstrate its location external to the planned bolus. (B) Bolus for Case 14, which demonstrated the smallest mean surface deviation for the conventional bolus. (C) Bolus for Case 9, which generated a poor fit with both 3D printed bolus and conventional bolus due to a large number of mobile skin folds.
Fig 4.
Mean surface deviation in the treatment bolus compared to the planning bolus.
The mean surface deviation in the 3D bolus or the conventional bolus is presented for each case as the mean deviation in mm with the standard deviation (SD).
Table 3.
Positional accuracy of the 3D printed bolus compared to the planning system bolus.
Table 4.
In vivo dosimetry measurements.