Fig 1.
Flowchart shows study group inclusion process.
Fig 2.
58-year-old man with type I HCC larger than 1 cm in diameter.
A-B, On the contrast-enhanced CT in arterial (A) and portal venous (B) phases images, a 14 mm sized nodule in S4 of the liver showed arterial enhancement and washout (type I). This lesion was reported as HCC in the formal report, and both reviewers also assessed this lesion as HCC. After TACE, compact nodular uptake of Lipiodol was seen on the post-TACE and follow-up CT (not shown).
Table 1.
Enhancement patterns and detection rates of HCC according to size.
Fig 3.
Diagnostic performance of CT for HCC.
A. The area under the ROC curve for all HCC was 0.617, 0.561, and 0.542 in the formal CT report, reviewer 1, and reviewer 2. B. The area under the ROC curve for HCC >1cm was 0.735, 0.754, and 0.739 in the formal CT report, reviewer 1, and reviewer 2. C. The area under the ROC curve for HCC <1cm was 0.509, 0.666 and 0.654 in the formal CT report, reviewer 1, and reviewer 2.
Table 2.
Diagnostic performance of CT for HCC.
Fig 4.
76-year-old man with type II HCC smaller than 1 cm in diameter.
A-B, On the contrast-enhanced CT in arterial (A) and delayed (B) phases images, a 7 mm sized nodule in S1 of the liver showed arterial enhancement without washout (type II, arrow). This lesion was not mentioned on formal CT report, and was not detected by both reviewers, neither. C-D, CBCT-HA images on initial TACE session (C) and 6 months later (D). A small hypervascular nodule showed interval growth (11 mm, arrow) on follow up CBCT-HA. This nodule showed interval growth with typical enhancement pattern of HCC on the follow-up CT (not shown).