Table 1.
Baseline anthropometry and fasting plasma biochemistry of study subjects.
Fig 1.
Percentage change from baseline for plasma (A) glucose, and (B) insulin over 6 hours following ingestion of isocaloric and isovolumic high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF), or high-carbohydrate (HC) liquid mixed meals between lean insulin-sensitive (Blue, ●) and obese insulin-resistant (Red, ■) subjects (9 subjects in each group). *P<0.05 for differences between lean and obese in plasma levels at the indicated meal challenge time point.
Table 2.
Incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) over 6 hours for plasma glucose, insulin, PYY, GLP-1, and ghrelin after ingestion of high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF) and high-carbohydrate (HC) meal.
Fig 2.
Percentage change from baseline for plasma ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 over 6 hours between lean insulin-sensitive (Blue, ●) and obese insulin-resistant (Red, ■) subjects (2A, 2B, and 2C) and following ingestion of isocaloric and isovolumic high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF), or high-carbohydrate (HC) liquid mixed meals (2D, 2E, and 2F). *P<0.05 for difference between HP vs. HC meal for ghrelin response. **P<0.05 for difference between HP vs. HC meal and HP vs. HF meal for GLP-1 response.
Table 3.
Percentage change in plasma ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 over 6-hour after high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF), or high-carbohydrate (HC) meal using linear mixed models.