Fig 1.
Conceptual framework showing the relationships among vulnerability components.
The circle represents a municipality in which the conditions of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity determine the vulnerability profile of the population. The boxes exemplify some of the conditions considered critical for each vulnerability component; the green box is related to exposure, the yellow box to sensitivity and the orange box to adaptive capacity. Climate risk is represented by future climate change. (Adapted from Allen Consulting Group, 2005).
Table 1.
Indices that compose the vulnerability, their calculation, short description, and their relationship to the vulnerability.
Fig 2.
Microregions of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and the location of the state capital, Manaus.
Fig 3.
Organization of the indices chosen to generate the Municipal Vulnerability Index considering a pessimistic emission scenario (RCP8.5).
Fig 4.
Diagram illustrating the steps of calculating all indicators and indices.
Steps 1 and 2 comprise transforming the raw variables into indicators. Step 1 is representing the assignment of scores and Step 2 is illustrating the procedures of arithmetic mean and standardization to generate the indicators ranging from 0 (least vulnerable) to 1 (most vulnerable). Step 3 illustrates the aggregation of the indices to generate the final index, the Municipal Vulnerability Index.
Fig 5.
Map of the current Vulnerability Index (VInd) for the municipalities of the state of Amazonas.
Fig 6.
Values of the sub-indices that compose the current Vulnerability Index (VInd) of the microregions of Amazonas.
Distribution of average values of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indices for each microregion of the state of Amazonas.
Fig 7.
Values of the main indices that compose vulnerability, and each of their components.
(A) Radar chart of the average values of the 62 municipalities in the core vulnerability indices—exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity—demonstrating how they interact to build a unique profile for the population of Amazonas, Brazil. (B) Average values of each sub-index developed as a basis of the core indices of vulnerability. Abbreviations: NDI–natural disasters index; VCI–vegetation cover index; DACI–diseases associated to climate index; PoI–poverty index; SSI–sociodemographic sensitivity index; SEI—socioeconomic structures index; AdapI—institutions, services and infrastructure for adaptation index; SOI–sociopolitical organization index.
Fig 8.
Representation of the Climate Scenario Index for the municipalities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Fig 9.
Municipal Vulnerability Index (MVI) of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
Representation of distribution of MVI values, considering the IPCC’s emission scenario RCP8.5.
Fig 10.
Distribution of the current Vulnerability Index, Climate Scenario Index, and Municipal Vulnerability Index.
(A) Values of the indices referring to the most vulnerable municipalities and the Amazonas state capital, Manaus, Brazil, according to MVI. (B) Distribution of the indices, in average values, for the microregions of the state of Amazonas, Brazil.