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Fig 1.

PRISMA flow diagram.

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Table 1.

Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Smoking cessation.

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Table 2.

Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Physical activity.

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Table 3.

Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Diet.

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Table 4.

Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Physical activity and diet combined.

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Table 5.

Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Physical activity, diet and smoking cessation.

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Table 6.

Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Alcohol consumption.

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Table 7.

Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) employed in studies.

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Fig 2.

Risk of bias summary–smoking cessation trials.

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Fig 3.

Risk of bias summary–physical activity.

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Fig 4.

Risk of bias summary–diet.

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Fig 5.

Risk of bias summary–physical activity and diet.

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Fig 6.

Risk of bias summary–physical activity/diet/smoking.

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Fig 7.

Risk of bias summary–alcohol reduction trials.

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Fig 8.

Smoking cessation trials using SMS function–continuous abstinence (biochemically verified).

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Fig 9.

Smoking cessation trials using SMS function– 7 day point prevalence abstinence (biochemically verified).

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Table 8.

Effect estimates for primary outcomes (smoking cessation trials).

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Fig 10.

Physical activity interventions using SMS function–change in daily step count.

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Table 9.

Effect estimates for primary outcomes (physical activity trials).

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Table 9 Expand

Table 10.

Effect estimates for primary outcomes (diet trials).

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Fig 11.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–BMI.

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Fig 12.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–change in weight (kg).

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Fig 13.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–change in weight (%).

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Fig 14.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–weight endpoint (kg).

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Table 11.

Effect estimates for primary outcomes (physical activity and diet trials).

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Fig 15.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–waist circumference endpoint (cm).

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Fig 16.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–triglycerides (mmol/L).

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Fig 17.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–total cholesterol (mmol/L).

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Fig 18.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L).

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Fig 19.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–systolic blood pressure (mmHg).

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Fig 20.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–diastolic blood pressure (mmHg).

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Fig 21.

Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–cumulative incidence of diabetes.

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Fig 22.

Physical activity and diet interventions using application function–change in weight (kg).

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Table 12.

Quality assessment for pooled outcomes.

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