Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Table 1.
Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Smoking cessation.
Table 2.
Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Physical activity.
Table 3.
Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Diet.
Table 4.
Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Physical activity and diet combined.
Table 5.
Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Physical activity, diet and smoking cessation.
Table 6.
Description of trials of health behaviour change interventions: Alcohol consumption.
Table 7.
Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) employed in studies.
Fig 2.
Risk of bias summary–smoking cessation trials.
Fig 3.
Risk of bias summary–physical activity.
Fig 4.
Risk of bias summary–diet.
Fig 5.
Risk of bias summary–physical activity and diet.
Fig 6.
Risk of bias summary–physical activity/diet/smoking.
Fig 7.
Risk of bias summary–alcohol reduction trials.
Fig 8.
Smoking cessation trials using SMS function–continuous abstinence (biochemically verified).
Fig 9.
Smoking cessation trials using SMS function– 7 day point prevalence abstinence (biochemically verified).
Table 8.
Effect estimates for primary outcomes (smoking cessation trials).
Fig 10.
Physical activity interventions using SMS function–change in daily step count.
Table 9.
Effect estimates for primary outcomes (physical activity trials).
Table 10.
Effect estimates for primary outcomes (diet trials).
Fig 11.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–BMI.
Fig 12.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–change in weight (kg).
Fig 13.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–change in weight (%).
Fig 14.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–weight endpoint (kg).
Table 11.
Effect estimates for primary outcomes (physical activity and diet trials).
Fig 15.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–waist circumference endpoint (cm).
Fig 16.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–triglycerides (mmol/L).
Fig 17.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–total cholesterol (mmol/L).
Fig 18.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L).
Fig 19.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–systolic blood pressure (mmHg).
Fig 20.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–diastolic blood pressure (mmHg).
Fig 21.
Physical activity and diet interventions using SMS function–cumulative incidence of diabetes.
Fig 22.
Physical activity and diet interventions using application function–change in weight (kg).
Table 12.
Quality assessment for pooled outcomes.