Fig 1.
Conceptual diagram outlining a three-step protocol for identifying suitable biomarkers to assess fish health.
Rectangles represent literature reviews, ovals represent data lists generated. The protocol is applied using Gladstone Harbour (Australia) as a case study.
Fig 2.
PRISMA flowchart providing the steps of data collection for the systematic review of fish biomarkers to assess fish health.
The review focussed on the contaminants of concern identified for Gladstone Harbour (Australia).
Table 1.
Potential contaminants of concern in Gladstone Harbour based on emission and monitoring reports.
Contaminants in bold are those prioritised as contaminants of concern for Gladstone Harbour, and are further considered in identifying suitable fish biomarkers for assessing fish health.
Table 2.
Exposure and life history characteristics of twenty fish species abundant in and around Gladstone Harbour.
Abbreviations: TL = total length, SL = standard length, FL = fork length, ID = insufficient data.
Fig 3.
Flow diagram showing chemical, biochemical, physiological and other alterations in response to metal exposure.
Biomarkers that have been identified in our systematic review as potentially suitable for fish health assessment in Gladstone Harbour are included in italics. For each biomarker, the arrow presents likely up- or downregulation following metal exposure; suitable tissues are given in between brackets: b = blood, g = gill, l = liver, m = muscle, r = gonads. Modified from [180] in [3].