Fig 1.
Flow chart of the study participant selection.
Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population (study sample n = 20,759).
Table 2.
Diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick results for detections of ACR ≥30 mg/g and ACR >300 mg/g (study sample n = 20,759).
Table 3.
Reclassification across CKD risk categories based on the eGFR and ACR results from those based on the eGFR and dipstick results (analyzed n = 19,966).
Fig 2.
Performance of urine dipstick in estimating the CKD risk categories compared to albumin:creatinine ratio.
Table 4.
Comparison of prediction for EQ-5D index between CKD risk categories based on the eGFR and ACR results and those based on the eGFR and dipstick results (analyzed n = 19,024).
Fig 3.
CKD-specific, non-fatal burden of disease (per 100,000 years).
The values were calculated as the prevalence of each risk category multiplied by the mean difference of EQ-5D index from the reference without CKD: by the age and sex-adjusted difference (A) and by the age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes-adjusted difference (B).