Fig 1.
PRISMA study flowchart.
Table 1.
Papers included in the review.
Table 2.
Summary of studies in which clinicians were asked to predict survival using defined categories (categorical studies).
Fig 2.
Summary data from studies in which clinicians provided categorical survival estimates (grouped by number of categories).
The data represented is the percentage of accurate estimates given out of the total number of estimates given. Note: The study by Gwilliam et al (2013) included doctor, nurse and MDT estimates. However, since the estimates were not independent of each other, only the MDT estimates have been presented here.
Table 3.
Predicted versus actual survival in those studies where clinicians were asked to provide a continuous temporal estimate of survival (continuous studies).
Fig 3.
Professional Error Score (PES) of clinicians’ estimates of survival those studies where clinicians were asked to provide a continuous temporal estimate of survival.
The black bar in this figure indicates the overall accuracy of the clinicians’ estimates (0 indicates perfect accuracy, positive values indicate over-estimates and negative values indicate under-estimates).
Table 4.
Summary of studies investigating differences in prognostic accuracy between clinical groups.