Fig 1.
Obesity and BPH: Conceptual Approach.
Excess body adiposity or a centralized body fat deposition may lead to increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines and systemic oxidative stress. Proinflammatory signaling may facilitate increased immune cell invasion and prostate tissue inflammation, leading to prostate enlargement and greater LUTS severity.
Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics.
Table 2.
Association between Body Composition and Prostate Volume or Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Severity (LUTS).
Table 3.
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Prostate Volume and Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Severity.
Table 4.
Properties of Prostate Tissue inflammation, and Association with Prostate Volume or LUTS Severity.
Fig 2.
Prostate Tissue Inflammation and Waist-Hip Ratio: The grade of inflammation identified in prostate tissue was significantly associated with WHR, such that men with severe inflammation had a significantly higher WHR (p = 0.02; age and BPH treatment adjusted).
Table 5.
Extent (% of tissue) of Inflammation, and CD3 and CD20 Immune Cell Infiltration, with Prostate Volume or LUTS severity.