Fig 1.
Map showing the geographic situation of the Socotra Archipelago and the sampling localities for all the 380 barcoded individuals included in this study. Maps were drawn using DIVA-GIS v.7.5 (available at http://www.diva-gis.org; digital elevation model freely available at http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/).
Fig 2.
Specimen identification success.
Values for both distance-based (‘best match’; BM, ‘best close match’; BCM, and ‘all species barcodes’; ASB—using different distance thresholds) and tree-based (Hebert et al. 2003a; Meier et al. 2006) approaches [1,34].
Table 1.
Genetic divergences.
Fig 3.
Frequency distribution histograms of all pairwise p-distances of the Socotran reptiles for COI.
Distances are given at different taxonomic levels: (a) all Squamata species; (b–e) higher taxonomic groups: Serpentes, Scincoidea, Lacertoidea and Gekkota; (f–h) all gecko genera Hemidactylus, Pristurus and Haemodracon.
Fig 4.
Comparison of maximum intra-specific divergence with nearest-neighbour distance for each species in the dataset.
Points above the 1:1 line indicate the presence of a local barcoding gap. Note that only 27 points are displayed as four species have single sequences.
Table 2.
Taxonomic accuracy.
Fig 5.
Bayesian COI tree for all the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago.
Species delimitations using three distance thresholds with higher taxonomic accuracy (3%, 6% and 9%) and GMYC using three different datasets: A—including all 380 barcoded sequences in the same analysis; B—including independent analyses for Serpentes, Scincoidea, Lacertoidea and Gekkota; C—including independent analyses for the following families: Leptotyphlopidae, Scincidae, Lacertidae, Sphaerodactylidae, Phyllodactylidae, Gekkonidae; *indicates clusters that were depicted as in A because taxa are monoespecific or monogeneric. See Material and Methods for further details. Black dots indicate posterior probability values ≥0.95. Bootstrap values ≥70% of the ML analysis are shown next to the nodes.