Table 1.
Description of trait classes, units and trait level abbreviations.
Fig 1.
Map of the four bioclimatic regions, chosen as the result of the PCA of 19 bioclimatic variables intersected with the temperate climate zone as defined by Walter & Breckle [30].
Fig 2.
The relationship of species richness and functional dispersion for European and North American gymnosperm and angiosperm communities, based on 5arcmin species distribution maps.
Fig 3.
Kernel density estimations of the first two PCoA-axes based on a Gower distance matrix of 26 traits for 126 North American and 56 European angiosperms, as well as for 29 North American and 11 European gymnosperms in four climatic regions separately.
Fig 4.
PCoA ordination plot showing (A) distances among 29 North American and 11 European woody gymnosperm species based on 22 traits for the first two axes. (C) PCoA ordination plot showing distances among 126 North American and 56 European woody angiosperm species based on 26 traits for the first two axes. In (B and D) significant correlations (p, 0.001) with a loading of min +/- 0.25 of traits on the first two PCoA axes are represented as arrows (see Table 1 for abbreviations) for gymnosperms and angiosperms respectively; the lengths of the arrows are proportional to their correlation coefficient, and they point in the direction of most rapid change; nominal traits were dummy coded before correlation.
Table 2.
Summary of the permutation test for differences in multivariate homogeneity of group dispersions (Functional dispersion) between the continents based on 999 permutations, and the perMANOVA for differences in variance between the functional clouds based.