Fig 1.
Enzymatic synthesis of kojic monooleate ester in solvent-free system.
Table 1.
Range of variables and their levels for the CCRD.
Table 2.
Central composite rotatable design of KMO ester.
Table 3.
ANOVA for the quadratic model developed for synthesis of KMO ester.
Fig 2.
Correlation of actual and predicted values of yield by the response surface model.
Fig 3.
Three-dimensional response surface plots.
(A) enzyme amount (%wt) versus reaction time (min), (B) substrate molar ratio (mmole) versus temperature (°C), (C) enzyme amount (%wt) versus substrate ratio (mmole), and (D) enzyme amount (%wt) versus reaction temperature (°C) on percentage yield as response.
Table 4.
Optimum conditions for Novozym 435 catalysed synthesis of KMO ester.
Fig 4.
Reusability study of Novozym 435.
Fig 5.
Effect of added water on the KMO synthesis.
Fig 6.
Gas chromatography of palm-based kojic monooleate ester.
Peaks A = N,N-dimethylformamide, B = N,O-bis-trimethylsilyl acetamide, C = Kojic acid, D = internal standard (1,2,3-tributyrylglycerol), E = oleic acid, F = palm-based kojic monooleate ester (KMO).