Fig 1.
Male phase (A) of inflorescence of Astrocaryum mexicanum showing open male flowers releasing large quantities of pollen, and female phase (B) showing numerous rachillae with male flowers closed.
Female flowers (C) located inside an inflorescence surrounded by rachillae, and one of the main pollinators, the beetle Coleopterus aberrans (Be).
Fig 2.
Individual-based networks involving individuals of Astrocaryum mexicanum (Arecaceae) and their effective (EP) and non-effective (NEP) pollinators in six tropical rainforest fragments (2, 4, 19.4, 34.6, 114.6 and 700 ha respectively) of Los Tuxtlas, southeast Mexico.
The right nodes represent different individuals of A. mexicanum considering both (M) male- and (F) female-phase inflorescence. The left nodes correspond to species of floral visitors that interact with plant individuals. Lines indicate interactions between the two trophic levels. Networks were ordered by both number of links and interaction frequencies. Rectangle height is proportional to the number of interactions recorded per species. Different line lengths indicate the frequency of interactions.
Fig 3.
Relationship between: number of floral visitor species (A); network specialization (H2’) (B); interaction diversity (C); nestedness (NODF-metric) (D); modularity (M-metric) (E); number of visitor species found in the central core of highly generalist species (F), and the log10-transformed fragment size of six fragments in Los Tuxtlas, southeast Mexico.
Regression correlation coefficient (r) and significance (p) computed using simple linear regressions are also shown.
Fig 4.
Forest fragment size effects (log10-transformed) on the abundance (± SD) of effective pollinators per (A) male and (B) female inflorescence of Astrocaryum mexicanum (Arecaceae) in Los Tuxtlas, southeast Mexico.