Figure 1.
Map of Orissa showing the four physiographical regions (left view) and collection sites in blue squares (right view).
Districts abbreviations are as follows: KEO- Keonjhar, MAY- Mayurbhanj, DEO-Deogarh, SUN-Sundergarh, JHA-Jharsuguda, SAM-Sambalpur, BAR-Bargarh, BAL-Balasore, BHA-Bhadrak, JAJ-Jajpur, KEN-Kendrapara, CUT-Cuttack, JAG-Jagatsinghpur, PUR-Puri, KHU-Khurdha, GAN-Ganjam, NAY-Nayagarh, ANG-Angul, DHE-Dhenkanal, SON-Sonepur, NUA-Nuapara, BOL-Bolangir, BOU-Boudh, KAN-Kandhamal, GAJ-Gajapati, RAY-Rayagada, KOR-Koraput, MAL-Malkangiri, KAL-Kalahandi, NAW-Nawrangpur.
Table 1.
Characteristics of Ae. albopictus sampling sites in Orissa, Eastern India.
Table 2.
Summary of microsatellite variation at 7 loci for Ae. albopictus in Orissa, India.
Figure 2.
Dendrogram based on chord distance clustering by NJ method using Mega 5.01.
The genetic relationship among 15 Ae. albopictus populations sampled in Orissa is shown.
Table 3.
Matrix of pairwise estimates of FST among Ae. albopictus populations from Orissa, India.
Figure 3.
Correlation between genetic distance (Fst/(1-Fst) and logarithm of geographic distance of Ae. albopictus populations from Orissa.
Coastal plains populations (CP) showed some amount of positive correlation when compared with other populations.
Table 4.
Heterozygosity tests in Ae. albopictus populations from Orissa, India.
Figure 4.
Bayesian cluster analysis using STUCTURE.
The data set showing the most likely clusters (K = 3), where each color corresponds to a suggested cluster and each individual is represented by a vertical bar. The X-axis corresponds to population codes. The Y-axis presents the probability of assignment of an individual to each cluster.
Figure 5.
3D plot of the FCA analysis showing most Coastal plains populations (encircled) to be genetically isolated from other populations.
Table 5.
Probability of assignment of individuals to each population cluster.
Figure 6.
Wolbachia infection/superinfection rates in Ae. albopictus populations across the four physiographical regions of Orissa.
Figure 7.
Phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia.
Phylogenetic tree based on wsp sequence of Wolbachia, constructed by Neighbour-Joining algorithm confirmed the circulation of wAlbA and wAlbB in Ae. albopictus mosquitoes of Orissa. Numbers on the nodes indicates bootstrap percentage of 1000 replicates. Solid diamonds represent the mosquito isolates sequenced in this study.