Figure 1.
The single specimen of Lethacotyle available for study before this paper.
The slide containing the single specimen of Lethacotyle available for study before this paper: holotype of Lethacotyle fijiensis Manter & Prince, 1953 (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA367684-AAC2-44D0-A8E8-64894AFA647A), slide USNPC 48718. Our study is another example of the importance of Museum collections for modern research [86], [87].
Table 1.
Specimens of Caranx papuensis examined, specimens of Lethacotyle vera n. sp., and results.
Figure 2.
Photograph of the holotype of Lethacotyle fijiensis Manter & Prince, 1953.
Lethacotyle fijiensis Manter & Prince, 1953 (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA367684-AAC2-44D0-A8E8-64894AFA647A). Holotype, slide USNPC 48718. A, body. B, posterior part of body, different focus. C, D, spines of male copulatory organ, two different focuses. E, sclerotised vagina. Original photographs taken by Patricia Pilitt, USNPC.
Figure 3.
Clamps in various genera of Protomicrocotylidae.
Examples of clamps in various genera of Protomicrocotylidae. A, Bilaterocotyloides novaeguineae (Rohde, 1977) Lebedev, 1986 (USNPC 74800). B, Protomicrocotyle sp. (MNHN JNC1163A5). C, Neomicrocotyle sp. (MNHN JNC3242A4). Black: additional sclerite, characteristic of the “gastrocotylid” clamp. Bilaterocotyloides and Protomicrocotyle have clamps of the “gastrocotylid” type, Neomicrocotyle has clamps of the “microcotylid” type, and Lethacotyle has no clamp.
Table 2.
Striations and other structures mentioned in protomicrocotylids.
Figure 4.
Body and clamp surfaces: examples of line drawings in 8 families.
Body and clamp surfaces: examples of line drawings used for data extraction in each of the 8 families of the Gastrocotylinea. All species drawn to same body length. A, Gotocotylidae, Gotocotyla niphonii. B, Bychowskicotylidae, Tonkinopsis transfretanus. C, Gastrocotylidae, Allopseudaxinoides euthynni. D, Neothoracocotylidae, Pricea minimae. E, Allodiscocotylidae, Metacamopia indica. F, Pseudodiclidophoridae, Allopseudodiclidophora opelu. G, Chauhaneidae, Cotyloatlantica mediterranea. H, Protomicrocotylidae, Lethacotyle vera n. sp (no clamps). Details in Table 3.
Figure 5.
Ratio between clamp surface and body surface in species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans.
Ratio between clamp surface and body surface in species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans. Ratios are ordered in decreasing sequence. Red: protomicrocotylids; blue: species of other families.
Figure 6.
Ratio between clamp surface and body surface in families of gastrocotylinean monogeneans.
Ratio between clamp surface and body surface in families of gastrocotylinean monogeneans. Ratios are ordered in decreasing order of mean. Protomicrocotylids have the lowest mean and lowest minimum. For significance see Table 4.
Table 3.
Surface of clamps and body in species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans.
Table 4.
Significant differences of clamp surface: body surface ratios in families of gastrocotylinean monogeneans.
Figure 7.
Lethacotyle vera n. sp. Adult and details.
Lethacotyle vera n. sp (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B7ABE99-07AF-4088-97F3-1A154DBA614D). A, whole body; B, spines of male copulatory organ (MCO). C, spines of MCO in other specimen (paratype MNHN JNC1189A3). D, sclerotized vagina. E, egg, in utero. F, striations on posterior part of body; G, H, I, hooks (paratype MNHN JNC1185A3). A, B, D, F: holotype, MNHN JNC3209A1.
Figure 8.
Lethacotyle vera n. sp. Juvenile and other details.
Lethacotyle vera n. sp (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B7ABE99-07AF-4088-97F3-1A154DBA614D). A, juvenile (specimen MNHN JNC3188A1). B, spines of MCO in juvenile. C, spines of MCO in paratype MNHN JNC3188A2c (posterior part of body processed for molecular study); D, spines of MCO in paratype MNHN JNC1189A2. E, outline of ovary (paratype JNC1189A1).
Table 5.
Measurements of Lethacotyle species.
Figure 9.
Tree of gastrocotylinean monogeneans.
Tree of gastrocotylinean monogeneans, based on a phylogenetic analysis of 28S sequences.