Figure 1.
Effect of Atorvastatin treatment on alveolar bone loss associated with experimental periodontitis Disease (EPD) in rats.
Values are expressed as means± SEM (###p<0.001, *p<0.05; determined with ANOVA and Tukey'stest).
Figure 2.
Clinical characteristics of teeth and periodontal tissue.
(A) Samples from the NL group, with no resorption of the alveolar bone. (B) Samples from the L group, where severe bone resorption with root exposure is observed (Arrows). (C) Samples from the L group treated with Atorvastatin 10 mg/Kg, where decreased bone resorption is observed (Arrows). Images were obtained at an original magnification of 1.7×.
Figure 3.
(A) Normal periodontium and (B) periodontium from a rat presenting with periodontitis (treated with saline) showing alveolar bone and cementumresorption and inflammatory cell infiltration. (C) Reduced inflammation and alveolar bone loss in the periodontium of rats treated with Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) for 10 days. Sections were stained with H&E. Microscopic original magnification at 40×. Scale bars = 100 µm. G = gingiva; PL = Periodontal ligament; D = dentin; AB = alveolar bone; C = Cementum; a = increased bone loss in AB; b = resorption of cementum; c = inflammatory process in PL and intense destruction of collagen fibers in the PL; e = decreased inflammation process in PL anddiscrete destruction ofcollagen fibers in PL; f = decreasedbone loss in AB.
Table 1.
Histological analysis of maxillae from rats presenting with periodontal disease, Natal, RN, 2013.
Figure 4.
Histological analyses of (A–C) MMP-2, (D-F) MMP-9, (G–I) COX-2, (J–L) RANK, (M–O) RANK-L, and (P–R) OPG in periodontal tissue of rats with periodontal disease.
Rats subjected to saline are pictured in A, D, G, J, M, P; rats with periodontal disease are pictured in B, E, H, K, N, Q; rats with periodontal disease and treated with Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) are pictured in C, F, I, L, O, R. 100× magnification, bar scale = 100 µm.
Figure 5.
Levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in control animals with no ligature (NL), animals with periodontal disease induced by a ligature and treated with saline (L), or animals with periodontal disease and treated with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of Atorvastatin (#; * p<0.05;).
Figure 6.
Levels of IL-1β, Il-10, and TNF-α in normal control animals with no ligature (NL), animals with periodontal disease induced by a ligature and treated with saline (L), or animals with periodontal disease and treated with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of Atorvastatin (#; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001).