Table 1.
Subject characteristics for the control, stimulant, and cannabis groups.
Table 2.
Classes of illicit drugs consumed in the stimulant and cannabis groups.
Table 3.
Summary of lifetime use of stimulants and cannabis in the stimulant group.
Figure 1.
Single subject data showing echomorphology of the mesencephalic brainstem.
A) Images from 1 control subject, 1 cannabis subject, and 1 stimulant subject. The substantia nigra ipsilateral to the probe (the side at which the planimetric measurement is done) is encircled with a dotted line. B) Schematic drawing of the mesencephalic brainstem. * aqueduct. Raphe, echogenicity of midline structures.
Figure 2.
Group data showing the area of substantia nigra echogenicity.
Data represent the largest area across the right and left side. Data for the control, stimulant, and cannabis groups are shown. The boundary of each box indicates the 25th and 75th percentile. The solid and dashed lines within each box indicate the median and mean values, respectively. * significant difference from control and cannabis groups (P<0.007).