Figure 1.
Locations of the study areas.
Table 1.
Metal reference doses (RfD).
Table 2.
Demographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics of the local residents.
Figure 2.
Cumulative probability distribution of the total HQs in the three villages.
The health risks were evaluated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation based on Crystalball software for 10,000 iterations.
Table 3.
Hazard quotients of different metals in each village.
Figure 3.
Multipathway analysis of HQ (Pb).
Each pathway’s contribution to total Pb exposure of local residents in the three studied villages was calculated based on average HQ values.
Figure 4.
Multipathway analysis of HQ (Cd).
Each pathway’s contribution to total Cd exposure of local residents in the three studied villages was calculated based on average HQ values.
Figure 5.
Multipathway analysis of HQ (Hg).
Each pathway’s contribution to total Hg exposure of local residents in the three studied villages was calculated based on average HQ values.
Table 4.
Heavy metal levels in hair (mg/kg).