Figure 1.
Collecting locations for the lobster samples used in this study are shown by yellow (adult) and red (larva) circles.
Distribution of the pronghorn spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) after Holthuis [2] is indicated by shaded line.
Figure 2.
Two types of phyllosoma larvae of the genus Panulirus observed in the plankton samples collected in the western waters of Galápagos Islands.
Both are final stage and the left one was morphologically identified to be Panulirus penicillatus but the right one could not be identified to a species.
Table 1.
Collection information of adult pronghorn lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) samples.
Table 2.
Collection information of lobster phyllosoma larvae of the genus Panulirus.
Figure 3.
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree drawn using 1,103 bp COI sequences of 91 individuals of Panulirus penicillatus collected in the Eastern (EP), Central (CP) and Western Pacific (WP).
Operational outgroup, Panulirus japonicus (NC_004251) [21] is not shown due to much longer branch than those within P. penicillatus. Bootstrap supports higher than 50% and numbers with branches indicate probability for 1,000 replications. Larval samples are shown in red. Samples carrying asterisk are from Central Pacific.
Figure 4.
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree drawn using 536 bp 16S rDNA sequences of 20 individuals collected in the Eastern (EP), Central (CP) and Western Pacific (WP).
The homologous sequence of Panulirus japonicus (NC_004251) [21] is used as an outgroup (Pj). Bootstrap supports higher than 50% and number with a branch indicates probability for 1,000 replications. Larval samples are shown in red. Samples carrying asterisk are from Central Pacific.
Table 3.
Polymorphic nucleotide sites in 535 bp partial mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA gene of 14 haplotypes detected in 20 individuals of Panulirus penicillatus.