Using individual-based bioenergetic models to predict the aggregate effects of disturbance on populations: A case study with beaked whales and Navy sonar
Fig 6
The effect of disturbance, differences in habitat quality (quantified by the attack rate ratio ) and movement patterns (Q–matrix) on population abundance.
The maximum prey density in absence of whale foraging (Rmax) was adjusted for each combination of attack rate ratio and Q–matrix, to obtain an approximately equal undisturbed population abundance. Labels indicate the value of Rmax used. Points show time-averaged values of mean population abundance across different replicate simulations. Line ranges show time-averaged values of the standard deviation of population abundance across different replicate simulations. Attack rate ratio () for Zc and Md equaled 13.3 and 5.0 by default, and 20 and 10 under the ‘high’ attack rate ratio scenario. All other parameters at default values (Table S3 in S1 File).