Regulation of influenza virus replication by Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Fig 4
iCRT14 acts during the early stage of the influenza virus life cycle.
(A) A549 cells were infected with A/PR/8/34 at an MOI of 1. The cells were treated with iCRT14 (12.5 μM) or vehicle control at various times before or after infection. The culture medium was collected 12 h post-infection, and titers were determined by TCID50 assay. The results of 3 independent experiments are displayed as the mean±SE. *p<0.05 vs. vehicle control, **p<0.01 vs. vehicle control, ***p<0.001 vs. vehicle control at the corresponding time points (Two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey). (B-G) iCRT14 reduces influenza virus RNA synthesis. A549 cells were infected with A/PR/8/34 at an MOI of 5. The cells were treated with iCRT14 at 12.5 μM (B, C, D) or at the indicated concentrations (E, F, G) 1 h prior to infection. RNA was extracted at 5 h post-infection. The mRNA, cRNA, and vRNA levels of viral genes were determined by real-time PCR and normalized to GAPDH. In B-D, data was expressed as relative expression to GAPDH and in E-G, data was expressed as a percentage of control (without iCRT14). The results of 3 independent experiments are displayed as the mean ± SE. *p<0.05 vs. vehicle control, **p<0.01 vs. vehicle control, ***p<0.001 vs. vehicle control, $p<0.05 vs. vehicle control, $ $p<0.01 vs. vehicle control, $ $ $p<0.001 vs. vehicle control, #p<0.05 vs. iCRT14, ##p<0.01 vs. iCRT14, ###p<0.001 vs. iCRT14 (One-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey).