The abilities in dog pain sign recognition as assessed by presenting seventeen listed dog behavioural signs and three case descriptions to dog owners and non-dog owners
Table 2
Recognition of a dog’s possible behavioural pain signs in participants with and without a previous painful experience. Mann-Whitney U tests indicate differences per possible behavioural pain sign between 647 participants of which 363 indicated to have previously suffered a painful accident, illness and/or treatment and 261 indicated to have not previously suffered such an event (N = 23 missing values; P < 0.003 regarded as significant and P < 0.05 regarded as a trend).