Beyond the Chromosome: The Prevalence of Unique Extra-Chromosomal Bacteriophages with Integrated Virulence Genes in Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus
Figure 5
VISA ExPΦ's localize in and outside of the chromosome.
S. aureus culture samples were taken at 6, 8 and 24 hours following 1∶100 dilution of overnight cultures. Samples were concentrated to an adjusted OD600 of 5.0 to 10. Chromosomal DNA was prepared inside 0.75% agarose beads and cut with SmaI restriction digestion enzyme. DNA bands separated by PFGE (left in each set) were transferred to a nylon membrane (right in each set) and analyzed by Southern blot. (A and C) Biotin incorporated labeled probe specific to 16S DNA of S aureus DNA encoding 16S ribosomal RNA. (B) Biotin labeled probe specific to an ExPΦ found in NRS19 (ΦBU01) was used for a Southern blot probe on NRS19 cultures. (D) Biotin labeled probe specific to an ExPΦ found in NRS26 was used for a Southern blot probe on NRS26 cultures. Black arrows indicate location of bands on the Southern blots.