Impact of various types of near work and time spent outdoors at different times of day on visual acuity and refractive error among Chinese school-going children

• Hongyu Guan ,

  Roles Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Center for Experimental Economics for Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China

  ⨯
• Ning Neil Yu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ning Neil Yu, Scott Rozelle, Nathan Congdon

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: ningyu@stanford.edu

  Affiliation Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0044-028X

  ⨯
• Huan Wang ,

  Roles Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Matthew Boswell ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yaojiang Shi ,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Center for Experimental Economics for Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-2729

  ⨯
• Scott Rozelle ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ning Neil Yu, Scott Rozelle, Nathan Congdon

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources

  Affiliation Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nathan Congdon

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ning Neil Yu, Scott Rozelle, Nathan Congdon

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom, Orbis International, New York, NY, United States of America, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China

  ⨯