Low-cost three-dimensional printed phantom for neuraxial anesthesia training: Development and comparison to a commercial model

• Azad Mashari ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: azad.mashari@mail.utoronto.ca

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-1271

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• Mario Montealegre-Gallegos ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Jelliffe Jeganathan ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Lu Yeh ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Joshua Qua Hiansen ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-5805

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• Massimiliano Meineri ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Feroze Mahmood ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Robina Matyal

  Contributed equally to this work with: Azad Mashari, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan, Lu Yeh, Joshua Qua Hiansen, Massimiliano Meineri, Feroze Mahmood, Robina Matyal

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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